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Metaphysics
This book is an introduction to metaphysics. It presupposes no previous acquaintance with philosophy, and addresses the following questions: What is metaphysics?Is there a plurality of things, or is there only one thing?Is there an external world, a world of things that exist independently of human thought and sensation?What is time? Is there such a thing as objective truth? Why is there something rather than nothing? Does our existence have a meaning? Are we physical or non-physical beings? Do we have free will? Are there things that do not exist? Do universals exist?This Fifth Edition differs from the Fourth in that the long, previously difficult chapter on time has been extensively rewritten, making it much more accessible and engaging for the student reader.In addition, the author has enhanced clarity throughout the text with improvements to word choice, sentence structure, and paragraph lucidity.Finally, the Notes and Suggestions for Further Reading at the end of each chapter and the General Bibliography have all been brought up to date. Key Features: Presupposes no prior acquaintance with philosophy, making the book ideal for the undergraduate student or interested general readerOffers 13 chapters, organized into three parts and each with its own introduction:The Way the World IsWhy the World IsThe Inhabitants of the World Incorporates extensive revisions to Chapter 4 on temporalityIncludes updates to the Chapter Notes and Suggestions for Further Reading as well as to the General Bibliography
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The Metaphysics
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Chemistry's Metaphysics
The place of chemistry in the metaphysics of science may be viewed as peripheral compared to physics and biology.However, a metaphysics of science that disregards chemistry would be incomplete and ill-informed.This Element establishes this claim by showing how key metaphysical issues are informed by drawing on chemistry.Five metaphysical topics are investigated: natural kinds, scientific realism, reduction, laws and causation.These topics are spelled out from the perspective of ten chemical case studies, each of which illuminates the novel ways that metaphysics of science can be informed by chemistry.This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
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The Metaphysics
Metaphysics is the study of existence at the highest level of generality.It is traditionally characterised as the study of "being qua being" - of being in general rather than specifically of this or that sort.Accordingly, the salient task of the field is to achieve a clearer understanding of the concepts and principles of being, existence, and reality.As such, metaphysics has been an established sector of philosophy since the time of Aristotle's initial systematisation of the subject in the fourth century B.C.E.In line with tradition, distinguished philosopher Nicholas Rescher presents key topics that have always figured on the agenda of metaphysics: the nature and rationale of existence, the differentiation of what is actual from the unreal and mere possibility, and the prospects and limits of our knowledge of the real.Though a work of philosophical sophistication and logical rigour, "Metaphysics" displays a clarity of exposition that makes it suitable for use as a text or supplementary reader in upper-class undergraduate and graduate philosophy courses.
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What exactly is metaphysics?
Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that deals with the fundamental nature of reality, existence, and being. It explores questions about the nature of reality, the relationship between mind and matter, the existence of free will, and the nature of time and space. Metaphysics seeks to understand the underlying principles that govern the universe and our place within it, often delving into abstract and complex concepts that go beyond the physical world. It is a foundational area of philosophy that has been studied by thinkers throughout history in an attempt to uncover the ultimate truths about existence.
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What does metaphysics actually mean?
Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that deals with the fundamental nature of reality and existence. It seeks to understand the nature of being, the universe, and the relationship between mind and matter. Metaphysics explores questions about the nature of reality, the existence of God, the concept of time and space, and the nature of causality. It is concerned with understanding the underlying principles that govern the world and our place within it.
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Do metaphysics, ethics, etc. belong to philosophy?
Yes, metaphysics, ethics, and other branches such as epistemology, logic, and aesthetics are all considered fundamental areas of philosophy. Metaphysics deals with the nature of reality and existence, ethics focuses on moral principles and values, and these branches, along with others, form the core of philosophical inquiry. They are essential in exploring fundamental questions about the nature of reality, knowledge, values, and existence, making them integral parts of the broader field of philosophy.
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What is fundamental to Kant's metaphysics of morals?
Fundamental to Kant's metaphysics of morals is the concept of the categorical imperative, which is the principle that one should act only according to the maxim that one can at the same time will to be a universal law. This means that moral actions should be based on rationality and the idea of duty rather than on the consequences of the action. Kant also emphasizes the importance of autonomy and the idea that individuals have the ability to freely choose and act according to their own rational will, rather than being influenced by external factors. Overall, Kant's metaphysics of morals is centered around the idea of rationality, duty, and autonomy as the foundation for moral actions.
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Aristotle's Metaphysics
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Experimental Metaphysics
Metaphysics, almost entirely neglected by experimental philosophers, is the central focus of Experimental Metaphysics.The volume brings together a range of views aimed at addressing the question of how cognitive science might be relevant to metaphysics. With contributions from cognitive scientists and philosophers, chapters focus on theoretical and empirical issues involving the potential role of cognitive science in metaphysics.Alongside topics such as free will, objects and causation, in which relevant empirical evidence is discussed and connected to relevant metaphysical issues, more programmatic papers explore theoretical issues centered on the connection between cognitive science and metaphysics.This balanced approach exposes metaphysicians to philosophically relevant work in cognitive science, while showing cognitive scientists the ways in which their work might be important for philosophers. Presenting cutting-edge empirical and theoretical research, Experimental Metaphysics pushes forward the discussion and encourages further engagement with issues at the intersection of cognitive science and metaphysics.
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The Metaphysics
Aristotle's probing inquiry into some of the fundamental problems of philosophy, The Metaphysics is one of the classical Greek foundation-stones of western thought, translated from the with an introduction by Hugh Lawson-Tancred in Penguin Classics. The Metaphysics presents Aristotle's mature rejection of both the Platonic theory that what we perceive is just a pale reflection of reality and the hard-headed view that all processes are ultimately material.He argued instead that the reality or substance of things lies in their concrete forms, and in so doing he probed some of the deepest questions of philosophy: What is existence?How is change possible? And are there certain things that must exist for anything else to exist at all?The seminal notions discussed in The Metaphysics - of 'substance' and associated concepts of matter and form, essence and accident, potentiality and actuality - have had a profound and enduring influence, and laid the foundations for one of the central branches of Western philosophy. Hugh Lawson-Tancred's lucid translation is accompanied by a stimulating introduction in which he highlights the central themes of one of philosophy's supreme masterpieces. Aristotle (384-22 BC) studied at the Academy of Plato for 20 years and then established his own school and research institute, 'The Lyceum'.His writings, which were of extraordinary range, profoundly affected the whole course of ancient and medieval philosophy and are still eagerly studied and debated by philosophers today. If you enjoyed The Metaphysics, you might like Aristotle's The Nicomachean Ethics, also available in Penguin Classics.
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Postcolonial Metaphysics
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What is the difference between epistemology, ontology, and metaphysics?
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of knowledge, how we come to know things, and the criteria for what counts as knowledge. Ontology, on the other hand, is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of being, existence, and reality. It asks questions about what exists, what kinds of things exist, and how they are related to each other. Metaphysics is a broader branch of philosophy that encompasses both epistemology and ontology, as it deals with the fundamental nature of reality, including questions about existence, identity, causation, and the nature of the universe. In summary, epistemology focuses on knowledge, ontology focuses on being, and metaphysics encompasses both while also addressing broader questions about the nature of reality.
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Is metaphysics still needed today or is it useless?
Metaphysics is still relevant today as it deals with fundamental questions about existence, reality, and the nature of being. It provides a framework for exploring complex philosophical issues and understanding the nature of reality beyond the physical world. While some may argue that metaphysics is abstract and speculative, it continues to be a valuable field of study for those seeking deeper insights into the nature of reality and existence. Ultimately, the relevance of metaphysics depends on individual perspectives and the importance one places on exploring fundamental questions about the nature of reality.
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Is the German translation of Aristotle's Metaphysics worth it?
Yes, the German translation of Aristotle's Metaphysics is worth it for those who are fluent in German or studying the language. It can provide a different perspective and deeper understanding of the text compared to the original Greek or other translations. Additionally, German translations are known for their accuracy and attention to detail, making it a valuable resource for scholars and students interested in delving into Aristotle's philosophical work.
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Is metaphysics still necessary today or is it useless?
Metaphysics is still relevant and necessary today as it deals with fundamental questions about existence, reality, and the nature of being. It helps us explore concepts beyond the physical world and understand the underlying principles that govern our reality. While some may argue that metaphysics is abstract and speculative, it continues to provide valuable insights into the nature of reality and our place in the universe. Ultimately, the study of metaphysics can offer a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us, making it far from useless in today's society.
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