Products related to Uncertainty:
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Taming Uncertainty
An examination of the cognitive tools that the mind uses to grapple with uncertainty in the real world. How do humans navigate uncertainty, continuously making near-effortless decisions and predictions even under conditions of imperfect knowledge, high complexity, and extreme time pressure?Taming Uncertainty argues that the human mind has developed tools to grapple with uncertainty.Unlike much previous scholarship in psychology and economics, this approach is rooted in what is known about what real minds can do.Rather than reducing the human response to uncertainty to an act of juggling probabilities, the authors propose that the human cognitive system has specific tools for dealing with different forms of uncertainty.They identify three types of tools: simple heuristics, tools for information search, and tools for harnessing the wisdom of others.This set of strategies for making predictions, inferences, and decisions constitute the mind's adaptive toolbox. The authors show how these three dimensions of human decision making are integrated and they argue that the toolbox, its cognitive foundation, and the environment are in constant flux and subject to developmental change.They demonstrate that each cognitive tool can be analyzed through the concept of ecological rationality-that is, the fit between specific tools and specific environments.Chapters deal with such specific instances of decision making as food choice architecture, intertemporal choice, financial uncertainty, pedestrian navigation, and adolescent behavior.
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Embracing Uncertainty
'Susan Jeffers' wisdom feels like a precious gift. Her counsel is profound and meaningful in such challenging times.' MARIANNE WILLIAMSON'Original, courageous and brilliant!' WARREN FARRELL* * * * * * * * * *Nobody knows what will happen in the next moment of our lives.Whatever is in store for us, the only thing we CAN be sure of is that nothing in life is certain. And since we all fear the unknown, life's uncertainty can be a constant source of worry to us. But, as bestselling author Susan Jeffers explains, life doesn't have to be one worry after the next, a steady stream of 'what if's', and a constant attempt to create a secure haven for ourselves.In EMBRACING UNCERTAINTY she emphasises that an unknown future doesn't prevent a rich and abundant life, and shows how by enjoying life's unpredictability we transform ourselves from a position of fear to one filled with excitement and potential. Through invaluable case-studies, exercises and her pragmatic wisdom, Susan convinces us, above all, that life is exhilarating because of, not in spite of the uncertainty.
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Facing Uncertainty
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Reasoning about Uncertainty
Formal ways of representing uncertainty and various logics for reasoning about it; updated with new material on weighted probability measures, complexity-theoretic considerations, and other topics. In order to deal with uncertainty intelligently, we need to be able to represent it and reason about it.In this book, Joseph Halpern examines formal ways of representing uncertainty and considers various logics for reasoning about it.While the ideas presented are formalized in terms of definitions and theorems, the emphasis is on the philosophy of representing and reasoning about uncertainty.Halpern surveys possible formal systems for representing uncertainty, including probability measures, possibility measures, and plausibility measures; considers the updating of beliefs based on changing information and the relation to Bayes' theorem; and discusses qualitative, quantitative, and plausibilistic Bayesian networks. This second edition has been updated to reflect Halpern's recent research.New material includes a consideration of weighted probability measures and how they can be used in decision making; analyses of the Doomsday argument and the Sleeping Beauty problem; modeling games with imperfect recall using the runs-and-systems approach; a discussion of complexity-theoretic considerations; the application of first-order conditional logic to security.Reasoning about Uncertainty is accessible and relevant to researchers and students in many fields, including computer science, artificial intelligence, economics (particularly game theory), mathematics, philosophy, and statistics.
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What is uncertainty?
Uncertainty refers to a lack of certainty or predictability about a situation or outcome. It is the state of not knowing what will happen in the future or the level of confidence one can have in a particular decision or event. Uncertainty can arise from various factors such as incomplete information, complexity, or randomness, and it can lead to feelings of doubt, anxiety, or hesitation. In many cases, uncertainty can be managed through risk assessment, planning, and flexibility in decision-making.
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Should one sign a training contract despite uncertainty?
It depends on the individual's level of comfort with uncertainty and their assessment of the potential benefits of the training contract. If the training contract offers valuable learning opportunities and career advancement prospects, it may be worth signing despite uncertainty. However, if the uncertainty is too high and the risks outweigh the potential benefits, it may be wise to hold off on signing the contract until more clarity is achieved. Ultimately, it is important to carefully weigh the pros and cons before making a decision.
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What is extreme uncertainty?
Extreme uncertainty refers to a situation where there is a high level of unpredictability and ambiguity surrounding future outcomes. It is characterized by a lack of clear information or data to make informed decisions, leading to a wide range of potential outcomes. In such circumstances, traditional forecasting methods may not be effective, and decision-making becomes challenging. Extreme uncertainty can result from various factors such as rapid technological advancements, geopolitical instability, or global pandemics.
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What causes uncertainty in the second week of training?
Uncertainty in the second week of training can be caused by a variety of factors. For example, trainees may still be adjusting to the new environment, expectations, and routines, which can lead to feelings of uncertainty. Additionally, they may be unsure about their progress and whether they are meeting the expectations of their trainers. Furthermore, the complexity of the material being covered in the second week of training may also contribute to feelings of uncertainty as trainees grapple with new concepts and skills.
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Investment under Uncertainty
How should firms decide whether and when to invest in new capital equipment, additions to their workforce, or the development of new products?Why have traditional economic models of investment failed to explain the behavior of investment spending in the United States and other countries?In this book, Avinash Dixit and Robert Pindyck provide the first detailed exposition of a new theoretical approach to the capital investment decisions of firms, stressing the irreversibility of most investment decisions, and the ongoing uncertainty of the economic environment in which these decisions are made.In so doing, they answer important questions about investment decisions and the behavior of investment spending.This new approach to investment recognizes the option value of waiting for better (but never complete) information.It exploits an analogy with the theory of options in financial markets, which permits a much richer dynamic framework than was possible with the traditional theory of investment.The authors present the new theory in a clear and systematic way, and consolidate, synthesize, and extend the various strands of research that have come out of the theory. Their book shows the importance of the theory for understanding investment behavior of firms; develops the implications of this theory for industry dynamics and for government policy concerning investment; and shows how the theory can be applied to specific industries and to a wide variety of business problems.
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Tort Liability Under Uncertainty
Uncertainty is present in virtually every tort litigation.Generally, courts tackle the uncertainty problem by requiring the plaintiff to prove his case by the preponderance of the evidence.However, on numerous occasions tort plaintiffs encounter systematic difficulties in establishing their allegations against defendants.This phenomenon is prevalent in the area of mass torts, which occupies the centre of the tort law agenda in the past three decades.In this area, victims of torts systematically fail to establish their lawsuits against wrongdoers even when it is clear that the latter are responsible for enormous damages.The uncertainty problem is not limited to the mass tort context.In many other contexts, tort and evidence law doctrines also fail to offer satisfactory solutions to that problem.Typically, this failure occurs in cases that involve indeterminate causation, an evidentiary barrier that prevents factual attribution of the litigated damage to the defendant's wrongdoing.Due to this failure, victims of torts are left under-compensated and their wrongdoers under-deterred.This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the problem of uncertainty in torts at both doctrinal and policy levels.It presents and critically examines the existing doctrinal solutions of the problem.It also offers a number of original solutions to the problem, such as imposition of collective liability and liability for evidential damage.The book combines the traditional doctrinal depiction of the law, as evolved in England, Canada, United States, and Israel, with general theoretical insights that include economic analysis.
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The Cunning of Uncertainty
Uncertainty is interwoven into human existence. It is a powerful incentive in the search for knowledge and an inherent component of scientific research.We have developed many ways of coping with uncertainty.We make promises, manage risks and make predictions to try to clear the mists and predict ahead.But the future is inherently uncertain - and the mist that shrouds our path an inherent part of our journey.The burning question is whether our societies can face up to uncertainty, learn to embrace it and whether we can open up to a constantly evolving future. In this new book, Helga Nowotny shows how research can thrive at the cusp of uncertainty. Science, she argues, can eventually transform uncertainty into certainty, but into certainty which remains always provisional. Uncertainty is never completely static. It is constantly evolving. It encompasses geological time scales and, at the level of human experience, split-second changes as cells divide.Life and death decisions are taken in the blink of the eye, while human interactions with the natural environment may reveal their impact over millennia. Uncertainty is cunning. It appears at unexpected moments, it shuns the straight line, takes the oblique route and sometimes the unexpected short-cut.As we acknowledge the cunning of uncertainty, its threats retreat.We accept that any scientific inquiry must produce results that are provisional and uncertain.This message is vital for politicians and policy-makers: do not be tempted by small, short-term, controllable gains to the exclusion of uncertain, high-gain opportunities. Wide-ranging in its use of examples and enriched by the author’s experience as President of the European Research Council, one of the world’s leading funding organisations for fundamental research.The Cunning of Uncertainty is a must-read for students and scholars of all disciplines, politicians, policy-makers and anyone concerned with the fundamental role of knowledge and science in our societies today.
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Risk, Uncertainty and Profit
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What causes uncertainty regarding sexuality?
Uncertainty regarding sexuality can be caused by a variety of factors, including societal norms and expectations, lack of education or information about different sexual orientations, personal experiences that may challenge one's understanding of their own sexuality, and fear of judgment or discrimination from others. Additionally, the fluidity and complexity of human sexuality can also contribute to feelings of uncertainty as individuals may not fit neatly into traditional categories or labels. Overall, the multifaceted nature of sexuality and the diversity of human experiences can lead to uncertainty and confusion for many people.
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What causes uncertainty regarding virginity?
Uncertainty regarding virginity can be caused by various factors, including differing cultural beliefs and definitions of virginity. Additionally, lack of education and understanding about human anatomy and sexual health can contribute to confusion about what constitutes virginity. Social pressures and expectations surrounding virginity can also create uncertainty, as individuals may feel conflicted between personal beliefs and societal norms. Lastly, the subjective nature of virginity, which can be influenced by individual experiences and interpretations, can further contribute to uncertainty surrounding this concept.
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How can one hide uncertainty?
One can hide uncertainty by maintaining a confident demeanor, using vague language to avoid committing to a specific answer, and redirecting the conversation to a different topic. Additionally, one can prepare in advance by researching the topic in question to have some knowledge to fall back on. It is important to remember that it is okay to admit when you are unsure about something rather than trying to hide it.
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What causes uncertainty about vaccinations?
Uncertainty about vaccinations can be caused by a variety of factors. These may include misinformation or myths about vaccine safety and effectiveness, lack of understanding about how vaccines work, fear of potential side effects, and mistrust in the healthcare system. Additionally, conflicting information from different sources, such as social media or celebrities, can contribute to confusion and doubt about the importance of vaccinations. Overall, a lack of clear and accurate information can lead to uncertainty and hesitancy towards vaccines.
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